The rise of the Backyard Biotech

"The upright freelancers biotech and small industries are, in some respects, as the old drug behemoth company divisions, but only connected by tendrils of the Internet and the relationships that grow so easily." Rienhoff is the response of modern biotechnology in the lost Renaissance man. It is the effect renaissance outside the network around him, with the terrible complexity of the world community to fight against the terrible complexity of the disease. This is how science should work. »

An interesting, if "anemic", article on FerroKin, a virtual drug of the company in development of chelating agents to treat excess iron due to blood transfusions (fixing the fix, I guess).

Drug Developer virtual second, I've heard. In the high technology programs, virtual managers are common, development of products through different companies - encoder, hardware design, production, distribution. No reason to believe that we cannot do in biotechnology. Especially with all the tools of communication available.

Five little-known vegetables

No food can put an end to hunger. But in the world, there are many different fruits and vegetables which contribute to improve the nutrition and food, while increasing revenues and improve their livelihoods.

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Today, feed the world introduced a new series featuring four vegetable - and fruit as a vegetable - that you've probably never heard of that help alleviate hunger and poverty:

1. Guar gum: as other legumes, guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) roots have nitrogen fixation bacteria, that improve the quality of the soil and increase the performance of subsequent crops. Organic fertilizer, guar seed is a valuable source of plant protein for humans and livestock. The seeds contain a bulking agent that can be used to strengthen the paper, as well as to improve the texture of food such as ice cream and vinaigrette.

Best way to eat: Guar gum can be cooked in water until the bid and sautéed with mustard oil and other seasonings, topped with cilantro and served hot on a tasty or side.

Guar gum in Action: The Organization practical Action is encouraging farmers in the Zambezi Valley semi-arid in the North of the Zimbabwe to cultivate guar gum to improve the nutrition and livelihoods. The project provided small farmers with some of the inputs that they need to grow the crop, as well as help develop a system of market to reap the fruits of the harvest.

2 Dogon shallots: dogon shallots is located in the Dogon, the land of the escarpment of Bandiagarà between Mopti and Timbuktu in Mali. Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum), a relative of the onion, have long been appreciated for their sweet unique and rich flavor, and is a discontinuous ingredient in many popular dishes. Nutritional and tasty this vegetable is the bulb that grows underground and produces leaves, flowers and fruits above the ground.

Best way to eat: Somè Dogon is a condiment commonly used in cooking Dogon. It includes the shallot and other local ingredients such as gangadjou, oroupounnà and pourkamà. Leaves, flowers and fruits of each plant are included in a sauce that is used to flavour most meals.

Shallot Dogon in Action: In 2009 comprehensive Initiatives USAID/Mali economic growth program (IICEM) with funds from the global food security response (GFSR) sent the women of the village for a Conference in Burkina Faso to share their experience and their shallots. The Conference enjoyed the shallots so that women won a first prize of $1 700 square and a woman receives the order of 25 tonnes of its delicious shallots.

Innovation is based on a robust manufacturing sector

 Manufacturing issues: Willy Shih, a Professor of business of Harvard and former manager at IBM and Kodak, argues that there are effects of training throughout an industry when a company of hands off the coast of the manufacture of its products.
Credit: Conrad Warre when too many companies outsource their manufacturing, industrial ecosystem may suffer from the consequences to long terme.2011By Thursday, July 7, William M. Bulkeley

It is called movement in economic value chain: US companies are still more design and create products that are built elsewhere. Prosaic manufacturing, with its razor-thin profit margins and ruthless competition, has been entrusted to Asia. But researchers who study innovation are beginning to see a troubling stigma: the ability to innovate sometimes disappears with manufacturing.

Professors of Harvard Business School David Pisano and Willy Shih put a lot of business people to rethink whether the manufacture of the issues with an article in the Harvard Business Review 2009 entitled "restoring American competitiveness." In addition to lamenting that outsourcing manufacturing reduced U.S. employment prospects and exacerbates the imbalance of trade, academics argued that economies where manufacturing skills cancel are less likely to cover future innovations. Because American companies ceased to LCD screens, for example, there is no in-house expertise to build screens for Amazon Kindle reader, even if its crucial technology was developed at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Because the expertise in thin-film deposition has moved to Asia with the production of semiconductors, Chinese firms have a leg up in the manufacture of solar panels.

Scholars characterize the ecosystem of innovation as a kind of industrial towns. Each company sharing the skills and knowledge underlying an industry. "The tragedy of the Commons, is that when a company takes the view in the short term, they don't worry about the value of the Commons," Shih. »

The problem of Commons is easy to see in an industry such as fishing. If a fisherman double its effort, he may double his income, but if all them double their effort, fishing will be quickly exhausted. Industrial Commons are somewhat different, because the participants contribute to the knowledge base and the supply chain rather than just consuming resources, but when a company to the outsourcing of manufacturing it exhausts the Commons just as certainly as overfishing.

When companies outsource their work, vendors close or moving, engineers learn different skills, local colleges fall courses of vocational training and the ecosystem is shrinking. Even if a given company employs just as many engineers and designers as before, they will be part of a smaller community. In their article, Pisano, and Shih noted that a lot of knowledge is still transferred between engineers of face to face meetings and which, according to some research, more industrial knowledge is transferred when people change jobs. A small ecosystem in which manufacturing is delegated to organizations in the offshore, of such transfers more difficult.

In addition, manufacturers to the coast tend to benefit their manufacturing expertise. Driven by the pressure to increase profits, they take an increasing share of the work of design for many products. Today, except for Apple products, almost all laptops are not only built in Asia but designed there is also good.

Shih, who is 57, was a veteran Manager at IBM and Eastman Kodak before coming to Harvard in 2007. Of his Office on the fourth floor in a building it shares with the marketing and finance professors he says that now he is able to understand the issues that he "could not quite articulate" when he was at Kodak.

P. j. flowers-Horticulture Business

Most subsistence farmers remain just that - subsistence farmers. Elizabeth Thande P.J. flowers Limited, on the other hand, challenged the chance to earn itself a place among some of flower more successful of Kenya and fresh vegetable farmers and exporters. How we did in Africa Regina ekiru caught up with her.

Elizabeth Thande

How do you have in the field of horticulture?

In the 1980s, he began as a joke. I started to plant potatoes on a piece of four acres of family land and French beans after the failure of an insurance agency business that I was running. In 1988 I ventured in agriculture flower, initially as a planters. I received the visit of some experts of the Germany who encouraged me to more varieties and better and consider exporting. I went to Netherlands where I had the opportunity to interact with potential buyers. When I came back to the Kenya is there any back. I have plunged into the flower export business head on. Today, P.J. flowers expanded and runs a 33 acre flower and farm fresh vegetables Gilgil and Limuru. We employ more than 80 people.

Can you describe the flower as a lucrative business?

It is very lucrative, but it also comes with its challenges. Unpredictable weather patterns are a challenge. We live on hope that tomorrow will be better. The cost of production has also been rising due to high energy and transportation costs. Excessive taxation and strict regulation of labour is also hedges. Flowers and fresh vegetables agriculture is not for the velléitaire. The company is capital intensive, as was strongly invest in irrigation, protection of crops, cold room and other facilities for storage and have a well trained staff to treat the flowers. We've weathered storms and now P.J. flowers makes an annual turnover of approximately EUR 300 000.

How the Government simplify your life?

The Government must reduce taxes and to ensure that farmers have supplies on time. It should also build dams and invest in education of technical farmers such as harvesting to reduce the dependence of the rain water of modern agriculture. We need support to be able to compete with other countries. Competition from countries such as Ethiopia, which grants subsidies to its farmers, is a threat. The fact that sales of flowers in the local market is very minimal means that producers Kenyans have not choice but to battle it out with other countries in the international market. The local flower market is a not yet collect.

The Government should also reduce the costs of doing business. Transportation consumes about 60% of our revenues. For example, 30% of flowers exported to the Netherlands are of the Kenya, but we did get good returns due to high overhead costs.

Elizabeth Thande (with Hat) inspecting his crops.

How did you compare agriculture today with that of the 1980s?

Agriculture has changed. What initially was just the Act of throwing seeds on the ground now is to many studies, identification of markets, write a business plan and develop market strategies.

Any pointers for those who are interested in agriculture?

To succeed today you need to be creative, effective and consistent. It is also important to invest in a variety of products. Step flood the market with a single product. You need to do the math if you find your production costs are too high and you end up losses. Don't be afraid of competition; all that matters is quality, not the size of your farm.

What is the next to P.J. flowers?

We have a new project that is underway, which will require to grow fresh vegetables such as tomatoes, green peppers and cucumbers for the Kenyan market meet the growing demand. I would like also to extend my farm and focus more on quality. I would like to than my flowers to become the global choice.

Related articles: auction of largest flower of Africa, through continentHow of sourcing financing of allows the ramp up to their gameGreenhouses subsistence farmers the "manner in which agriculture is moving' contractor watch: giving farmers knapsack to succeed" Organic agriculture not an option for Africa at the present time "how mobile phones are transform African agriculture"

Eat grasshoppers Ugandan - "nsenene."

Uganda has a growing informal trade of grasshoppers trappingLawrence mawanda is a trapper "nsenene" in KampalaTrappers lure grasshoppers with projectors, often illegally connected to the gridIllegal fires national may cause power cuts in the areas of

Kampala, Uganda (CNN) , in Uganda, where grasshoppers are considered to be a delicious seasonal snack, the appetite for the crispy creatures has created an explosion of informal trade that has transformed some trappers in wealthy men.

"They were just something you found in the grass during the rainy season," says Ugandan Lawrence Mawanda. "I didn't know they could be profitable."

But ten years ago on a trip through the area of Masaka, the 53-year old truck driver an overview of a row of drums of oil rusty bordering the road and equipped with sheets of corrugated aluminum long shimmering under fluorescent light bulbs powerful.

Swarms of insects danced around the light, and all the seconds one would smack against one of the sheets of metal and slides in a drum, hence they do not emerge.

They were just something you found in the grass during the rainy season. I did not know that they could be profitable.
-Lawrence Mawanda, Trapper of the grasshopper

The next rainy season, he said, he introduced the trap of the capital, Kampala, at a cost of several hundreds of dollars starting - covering the lights, wiring, leaves and battery - becomes first Trapper of Grasshopper on a large scale of the city.

Now, during the rainy season, some parts of this town and areas that attract high concentrations of grasshoppers - known as the central belt - bask during the night in a stage-like shine, punctuated by the ping and scuffing of grasshoppers in their losing battle in advance with aluminum foil.

During the high season, the sidewalks of Natete Kampala district are lined with mainly the sellers of women selling whole grasshoppers plucked of their legs, the wings and antennae and the deep fried or sautéed with onion and Chile. They extract 1 000 Ugandan shillings (40 cents) for four teaspoons value.

Boys take buckets plastic of them wander the streets or derive in the bars where grasshoppers are spread on a banana leaf and book with cold beer.

Once a delicacy still stuck in bags of polyethylene, or between the folds of blankets, mainly by women and children beating grasshoppers, known locally as "nsenene," have evolved into a thriving informal sector.

Mawanda, said he earns about two million Ugandan shillings (about $780) by season of grasshoppers - Uganda more than double the GDP per capita - and although he still lives in a jumble of houses along a trash-clogged canal in Natete, he built a row of booths now leased as a salon, pharmacy and drug store.

It is ventured in poultry and put five children through school. Grasshoppers have him relieved of the conduct of his truck, he said.

But trade is also devastated the electric network of the capital and hindering economic development in a country where electricity is about 8% - among the lowest rates in Africa.

Many, if not most, trappers illegally access the country's main private electricity distributor grid overloaded transformers cooking (and sometimes themselves) and the city of $500,000 per month in revenue, according to officials with Umeme, of.

Last year Umeme began engaging residents in the neighbourhood of Kamwokya in Kampala, where abundant trapping large scale, to raise awareness of how trade affects the quality of life y

Some residents, they found, were aware of the connection between the trapping of grasshoppers and the delivery of decreased power season grasshopper, November-December and May-June, when the lights dim or cut up to 10 times in a week.

We want customers to know it is affecting their quality of life.
-Florence Nsubuga, Umeme

"We want to know is having an impact on their quality of life, the customers", explains Florence Nsubuga, Manager of sector of Kampala Umeme is.

UMEME said that he has registered some successes, the area Mulimira of Kamwokya, where power infrastructure is designed to accommodate 1,000 households, but is severely overwhelmed only 450 users legally registered last December.

UMEME staff has made energy illegal House to House, disconnection, including Grasshopper trappers. Hussein Mubiru UMEME Manager called a wake-up call to the community that Umeme wishes to support through follow-up visits.

But, Francis Mutubazi, a resident of the area of Mulimira, which has been urging Umeme of illegal use of address with the letters and telephone calls since 2005, the Umeme of successful claims disputes.

"Two days after the arrival of Umeme through illegal users had reconnected", said Mutubazi, adding Umeme took no action warned of recurrence.

UMEME officials say that a large part of the problem boils down to a lack of policy is among the agencies such as the police, as well as strike a balance between the regulation and the promotion of entrepreneurship in a country of mass unemployment.

"We must balance between encouraging informal sector for the supply of electricity to these groups in the informal sector in a legal manner,", said the General Director of regulatory affairs with Umeme, Sam Zimbe.

Repression aggressive on the trade of the grasshopper, he said, would be disruptive to a supply chain that includes the trappers, wholesalers, lorry drivers and retailers in a country whose appetite for insect-rich proteins, which taste like a cross between French fries and aubergines, is probably plu across the continent.

And yet fresh Umeme traders Grasshopper a deposit of 900 000 shillings ($355) per season to access the grid, which could inadvertently be encouraging to operate the line illegally.

Trucks deliver in 50 kg bags selling for up to 100 000 shillings, which are exported throughout the country - which is how Mawanda made much of his annual income.

Requested A what he does with power disruptions caused by the explosion of commerce in Natete, he said, through its line of stalls rented next to putrid channel, "I am not worried about it."

The DNA is now DIY: OpenPCR - Open source, hackable PCR machine

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Hi everyone,

The eagerly awaited OpenPCR kit is now shipping! UPS picked up the first batch of kits and OpenPCRs are on their way to users in 5 continents and 13 countries around the world. For $512, every OpenPCR kit includes all the parts, tools, and beautiful printed instructions - you ONLY need a set of screwdrivers.

A PCR machine is basically a copy machine for DNA. It is essential for most work with DNA, things like exposing fraud at a sushi restaurant, diagnosing diseases including HIV and H1N1, or exploring your own genome. The guy who discovered the PCR process earned a Nobel Prize in 1993, and OpenPCR is now the first open source PCR machine.

The price of a traditional PCR machine is around $3,000. So, do people in garages have great PCR machines? Not really. Howabout high school or middle school teachers? Nope. Howabout smaller medical testing labs or labs in India or China? Nope. Even some big bio labs try their luck on eBay. We set out to change that.

Josh and I prototyped OpenPCR over about 4 months - it was a lot of fun. Last May we unveiled the first OpenPCR prototype to all a bunch of crazy people on Kickstarter, 158 people gave us a total of $12,121. With that we designed and manufactured a repeatable, works-all-the-time device - it took a lot of hard work. Now we're done and ready to share!

OpenPCR Firsts:

1 First commercially available PCR machine for $512

We get a lot of people who come up to us and say "jumping jillikers, batman!" We paid $10,000 for bear and it's this big (make refrigerator-sized hand motion)! "." While modern PCR machines aren't can't fridge sized anymore, we're proud to say that OpenPCR is the most affordable and most compact PCR machine out there.

2 First Arduino USB storage device:

This is a big deal for you Arduino hackers out there. A normal Arduino can only talk back and forth over a serial port. This is a pain to set up, and we wanted OpenPCR to just plug in and go. How does it work? When OpenPCR is plugged in, the Arduino itself mounts as a USB drive called "openpcr". The computer passes love notes to OpenPCR by writing to that file, and Arduino sends love notes back by writing to another file. The implementation was tough, and there are size restrictions due to the size of the chips used by Arduino, but it's pretty simple to make use of. We also built a cross-platform app for your Mac or PC in Adobe Air so that the we could have a simple computer control interface. Simply plug in your OpenPCR to your computer with USB. No. setup besides downloading the OpenPCR app! (Josh and Xia totally pulled off a miracle on this!) If you've got questions on this specifically, be sure to post below!

No. cutting corners

The clear vision of OpenPCR that made it great was driven by 2 things. First off, Josh is an incredible engineer and we both enjoyed learning a lot of new things over the past year - everything from how to make circuit boards, machine metal parts, laser cutting, Arduino hacking, USB hacking.  I'd say 90% of the success of OpenPCR was lots of hard work. Hard work is great but there are lots of projects where hard work is put in but never "pays off". How did we stay on course? I think the prototype + showing it off on Kickstarter/Maker Faire had a lot to do with it. We of course had lots of exciting ideas about new functionality and extra things over the past year. The beauty of having built our prototype was we knew if we could just get to that point we would have a hit.

For example, we designed OpenPCR to be assembled by hand. The printed Build Instructions are a big part of OpenPCR and we did a lot of work to get them right. As we finalized the design OpenPCR a few steps stood out as "hard". We switched from thermal paste to thermal pads (not messy, no need for gloves), assembled circuit boards (no need for a pro soldering setup), and pre-epoxied the thermistor. The OpenPCR kit is easy to build because of those decisions. We've still got to publish the gel pictures showing how OpenPCR works great, but that's been well tested ourselves. If you've got an OpenPCR kit coming your way and would like to post pictures of a gel run afterwards, we would love to see your results too!

The intent of the prototype was simple - we wanted a PCR machine for people like us That meant a 16 well PCR machine controlled by computer, with a built in screen, good for the lab bench or a workshop/garage. And that's exactly what OpenPCR is.

Where did the time go?

After Kickstarter started in May, we worked for going on 14 months now. Between Josh and I, I estimate we put about 3,000 hours into OpenPCR, not counting the time leading up to the prototype. We've got 57 posts and 600 + comments on the OpenPCR blog, covering a lot of aspects of OpenPCR development. In the past few months we've kept our heads down getting everything out the door and we've got some stories to share. Short answer is, there's a lot of blogging to catch up on.

Special thanks to Xia Hong, Eri Gentry, and Will Reinhardt who volunteered lots of their time to help OpenPCR.

Just the beginning

OpenPCR is designed for labs, classrooms, and garages. Tell your science-y friends about OpenPCR, "like" us on Facebook, or write us and tell us that you stopped by! You can also get your own OpenPCR kit!

Do you want to see us develop more breakthrough biotechnology? Along this journey we uncovered a lot of opportunities for PCR and other biological devices. We're a new company and would love to meet other passionate people. Our hurdles right now are manufacturing (mechanical engineers!), distribution (sales + marketers!), and new hardware (hackers!)/software (hackers!)/BioWare (biologists!) + industrial design. If you're in the Bay Area and want to get in on making all this crazy DNA stuff useful to regular people, send us an email: contact@openpcr.org.

For more information, we've gotten a lot of media attention over the past year including NYTimes, GQ France, biotechnology, and USA Today.

Ordered a kit and wondering where it is? We have shipped a first batch of kits and emailed out tracking numbers to the containers. If your kit hasn haven't shipped yet, we're working on shipping a second batch and will keep you updated.

Leleshwa to the Kenya wine

A recent video of the AFP / report on a vineyard highland to the Kenya of the legendary of the Rift Valley, which is party of South African expertise in an extreme winemaking attempt near the Ecuador. Excerpt:

... Out of the blue, Farquharson received an e-mail saying a wealthy Kenyan businessman was looking for a specialist to develop its vineyards - and it is now more than three years, he decided to take up the challenge. He recalled "I said to myself that it was a chance for a great adventure to try something different,". Pius Ngugi, the businessman who has the nuts of the Kenya and Thika coffee Mills, had attempted to manufacture of wine from vineyards at his farm north of Lake Naivasha in the Rift Valley in the 1990s. Having decided that he was never going to achieve a constant quality wine, it is his project on hold. His son Mbugua Ngugi, knowing how close the project had been at the heart of his father, revived - but this time, seeking a professional winemaker and a winemaker who experienced Africa. Geographical location of the vineyard - right of 2,000 metres (6,500 feet) near the Ecuador, the 90 kilometres (55 miles) northwest of Nairobi - as the climate of the Kenya provide Farquharson with several challenges. But he knew extreme winemaking works around elsewhere, including Argentina which has some of the vineyards of highest in the world to more than 3 000 metres along the Andean mountain chain.

A daily Business 2008 report explains the logistics of the viticulture and the high cost of production through its punitive damages when it comes to wine Kenyans. But the report is in agreement that "Kenyans are now engaged in finer things in life... wines have been performing excellently on the market."

Egypt - revolution to the Startups

Then came the Tahrir square.

Six months after an uprising led by people like him ousted Hosni Mubarak and set aside the order established in the Arab world, Ms. Mehairy joined the ranks of the class the Egypt most recent business: entrepreneurs of the revolution. Instead of leaving the Egypt as she had predicted, it is remaining to feed a start-up called SuperMama, a Web site of the Arabic language for women which has 10 local employees.

"The revolution was really my generation believe in ourselves," said Ms. Mehairy, 30. If the Egyptians can overthrow Mubarak, she wondered, they what else could be done?

It is a question sobering for the educated, well-to-do Egyptians as Ms. Mehairy - people who, unlike most of the Egyptians, have other options. She has a master's degree in interactive media of the University of Westminster in London and she hopes to move to Britain or the Canada.

The revolt now known as the spring placed Arabs Egypt on an uncertain path. After years of corruption, its rigid economy is reeling. Tourism investment plummeted. Mass unemployment - which fed the anger of the Egyptians - worsened and continue protests in Tahrir square. The nation will elect a new Government in September and it is that someone guess what will happen then.

Yet for all the uncertainties, some of those who espouse Facebook and Twitter during the heyday in Tahrir square now try to start or to continue to work on the Web and Web sites, applications they hope will produce profits and employment.

"This is an unusual revolution in that it was led by a highly educated and economically familiarize prospective group of people," said Khush Choksy, Executive Director of the Board of companies to the United States and the Egypt, which is part of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States. "But for that they were really in place Tahrir, it must be a modern set of thinking, economic growth and more diversified economy."

Ms. Mehairy wants to take this opportunity, and she and Zeinab Samir, co-founder of SuperMama, were in motion.

In June, the pair applied for a place in the Boot Camp NextGen, which took place in Cairo at the end of June. The program was sponsored by the Global programme of entrepreneurship, a collaboration between the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development.

During the five-day programme, which was also sponsored by Danish and Egyptian Governments, six American contractors - including Jeff Hoffman, co-founder of Priceline.com; Ryan Allis, CEO of the iContact of website marketing. Shama Kabani, chief operating officer of Marketing Zen; and Scott Gerber, founder of the Young Entrepreneur Council - 38 Egyptian entrepreneurs to refine their business plans. The last day, four winning teams were selected. Two will go to North Carolina, this fall for a period of three weeks at iContact, and two will participate in a three-month training program at the Denmark. (Ms. Mehairy and Ms. Samir will travel to the Denmark.)

Most of the entrepreneurs in the program is well educated, have jobs and from middle and upper middle class families. But they are still facing much uncertainty.

"Everyone is concerned about what happens then, said Marwan Roushdy, 20, a student at the American University in Cairo who develops an application called Inkezny to locate hospitals anywhere in the world.". The name means "rescue me" in Arabic.

Despite the political situation, Mr. Roushdy, who participated in the boot camp and has won an internship at iContact, working on the app. It attempts to block its concerns about the future and to concentrate on his business. After all, what can it do more?

"Part of being an entrepreneur is an optimist," says Steven r. Koltai, Senior Advisor for Global entrepreneurship of the Department of State, who visited the Egypt a dozen times in the last year. "Entrepreneurs are like the grass of crab who grew up in the city: they will go through the cracks in the sidewalk."

Still, these young entrepreneurs will eventually have the bureaucratic obstacles to the registration of their enterprise with the Egyptian Government, a notoriously difficult step according to Ms. Mehairy, it takes a customer or business partner insists to navigate.

"The paperwork is a nightmare," she said. "And in the past, prerevolution, you need to get your documents the corrupt."

Ms. Mehairy heard some encouraging stories, however. "My friend has completed recording his business in a day and a half," she said, "because" the person handling it was 'all powered by the values of the revolution,' as we say.

Mohamed Rafea, 30, and his cousin Ali Rafea, 23, are also optimistic. They with three other young parents co-founded Bey2ollak, an application that allows users to notify each other in dense traffic lanes. "We are fortunate that we do not need to support what is except good power, as opposed to the manufacture of goods or the opening of a store." "These types of companies need the support of the Government," explained Ali Rafea.